Pomeranian Structure

     

          The skeleton is a system of bony levers moved by muscles which are anchored at crucial points on the bones, The bones are linked together at joints which act like shock absorbers. Bones have a complicated structure which gives great stability and yet allows movement. They are anchored by ligaments which permit a given degree of movement in specific directions. Each joint is surrounded by a joint capsule which contains the joint lubricant, synovial fluid. The ends of the bone involved in the joint are covered in cartilage - a smooth surface which helps the joint move easily and helps to absorb any concussion as the dog's weight comes down on the leg.

Skeletal

1. Coccygeal vertebra
2. Sacrum

3. Lumbar vertebra
4. Thoracic vertebra
5. Cervical vertebra
6. Skull
7. Scapula
8. Shoulder joint
9. Humerus
10. Elbow joint
11. Radius
12. Carpus
13. Metacarpals
14. Ulna
15. Ribs
16. Femur
17. Metatarsals
18. Tarsus
19. Fibula
20. Tibia
21. Stifle
22. Pelvis

Musculature

1. Gluteus and muscles which move the hip joint
2. Latissimus dorsi
3. Brachiocephalicus (neck muscles)
4. Muscles which move the shoulder
5. Triceps (extends elbow)
6. Extensors of foot
7. Pectorals
8. Muscles which flex the hip to move the leg forward
9. Biceps femora's and muscles which extend the leg

Teeth

     Of a dog's 42 teeth, 6 pairs are incisors, and two pairs are canine teeth. The remaining teeth are molars. Traditionally, the most important teeth for the dog were the incisors and the canines, because they helped the dog rip and bite his food.

Pomeranian Colour Palette

      For the past 120 years Pomeranians have been bred in a wonderful variety of colours and colour patterns. The UK Breed Standard of 1892 listed admissible colours and this list was tweaked from time to time to include colours as they were developed but the Stud Books of the day show many other variations occurred and were exhibited.
      The 1892 Standard includes: 
             White, black, blue, brown, black and tan, fawn, sable, red and parti-colours.
             Grey and shaded sable were added in 1901, 
             Orange in 1906
             Beaver and Cream in 1909. 
             Fawn, grey and sable were omitted in 1909. 
      The current UK Standard does not list every variation but simply states 'All colour permissible, but free from black or white shadings' - however at shows whole colours and shaded sables are given preference (if exhibits are of equal merit) over colour patterns. At early shows black and tans and parti-colours were shown in Any/All Other Colours or special Parti-colour classes. In America (AKC) all colours and colour patterns are allowed and judged equally. 

       At present there are no disqualifying colours or colour patterns in either country. The FCI Standard allows 'black, brown, white, orange, grey shaded and other colours' (including black and tan and parti-colours). See notes below on black and tan in the UK

       Poms were very fashionable in the early 1900s attracting many fanciers because of their colour and small size. It was once said ladies owned a Pom of every shade to match their gowns. 
       People noted in 1911 sables were not a 'fashionable colour' ten years ago. Interesting colours recorded in the KC Stud Books (but not mentioned in the Standard) pre-1910 included brindle, racoon sable, dove, smoke blue, chocolate, red chocolate, slate grey, grey sable,wolf colour, brindle sable, fawn and silver, chocolate and brown, lemon and white, chocolate and white, grey and white and various degrees of mismarks for example: - black, white spot on chest white tips to 3 feet. And over in America by 1921 they even had blue mottled Pomeranians!




Orange

       It took some time for early breed fanciers to agree on the colour 'orange'. Many Peoole felt some of the early examples were actually fawn, cream or red. It was quite common for early Poms to have a brown nose.

      Orange should be 'as self-coloured and bright as possible' with no white shadings and black pigment on the nose.

Cream

      Creams should have black noses and black eye rims. Cream Poms are usually almost white at birth and have no dark undercoat or hairs.

 White
       White Poms should have black noses. Many early white Poms had fawn or lemon shading behind their ears and this is undesirable. 

Black    Black Poms should be jet black and in sunlight a bluish hue is preferred over a rusty hue (called foxy black in Germany). As they age the muzzle area usually develops white hairs giving a frosted appearance. Some black Poms have white tips to their toes - this results from incomplete colour development (migration of melanocytes) before birth.

Blue    The desired colour was very pale and was often described as Maltese blue (as in the cat), pigeon, smoke blue, lavender and pearl grey. Blues were sometimes bred with a light clear cream to lighten up the blue.

Sables

Red

Red should be very rich and intense and can be as deep as the colour of an Irish Setter as 'brilliant red'. And they always had a black nose and eye rims

Chocolate

Although the colour stated in the UK standard is light or dark brown the desired colour is a rich chocolate.

Beaver

Between 1903 and 1909 when this colour was added to the Standard only about a dozen Poms are found in the records so it's a wonder this colour was included. Beaver is a dilute of chocolate and is a sort of greyish beige - it has never been popular. 

Sable Shade

           Sable dogs can be clear sable, lightly tipped sables or shaded sables. To make this even more confusing the definition of sable differs from breed to breed whereas in Pomeranians it is generally thought to refer to dogs with black, chocolate or dark blue tips to guard hairs, in other breeds it can mean a darker tip than the root area not necessarily being a dark colour.

Orange sable

       An orange sable should have a brilliant orange undercoat, not overwhelmed by over-dark tippings and the breeches and tail turn-up should be a rich cream

 Cream sable

          Some people believing that the ‘cream’ is no more than a diluted orange. In fact many geneticists and others feel that most cream coloured Poms are ‘probably dilute orange sables or dilute orange – Ledbetter 1987.’

The American Pomeranian Club defines Cream as a very pale orange, liver or yellow colour even throughout with no white shadings’. With all this in mind if we are prepared to call all cream whole coloured dogs cream then using the same yardstick it is appropriate to use the term cream sable.

Wolf sable

         This colour pre-dates the Kennel Club and was called 'wolfsgrau' in Germany. Most early examples would have had light grey or silvery hue with black tippings but in Edwardian England breeders often intentionally bred wolf sables to orange or orange sables in order to add warmth to the undercoat colour - resulting in a tawny hue.

It is not a requirement in the UK for wolf sables to have the full attributes (spectacle markings etc) of wolf sable Keeshonds but is often desired elsewhere.

Black and Tan pattern

        This colour pattern was deemed 'highly objectionable' in 1909 UK Standard but this was changed later on to 'highly undesirable'. According to the 1898 Standard black and tan (and black, brown and blue) should be free from white - there are no early references to pencil markings or thumb spots. Black and tans often have white hair in the tail area and this occurs in other Spitz breeds, like the Finnish Lapphund. The black in a black and tan is jet black and the 'tan' can range from cream to a rich mahogany rust colour.

This pattern is very popular internationally in the States/Canada and in all FCI countries there are colour specialists who do well at shows. Black and tan Poms can be shown in the UK (we have no disqualifying colours) but judging decisions may be influenced by the prejudicial clause in the Standard. There are some beautiful variations of the 'x and tan' pattern including blue and tan, black and silver and chocolate and tan.

Parti-Colour

     Often called a tricolour such as Orange/White Parti and black/white

7 Things About the Pomeranian

          There are few dogs that are as cute as these little lion-like dogs with their teddy bear eyes, but does the Pomeranian temperament match his sweet exterior?

          These toy breed dogs, also known as Pom Poms, originated in Germany as a favorite lap dog of the royal court and most Poms still act like a member of the royal class.

           Here are the top 7 things you need to know about the Pomeranian temperament before your bring one into your home.

1. They love their humans with all their hearts!

           One of the things about the Pomeranian temperament that makes them such popular dogs is that they are very affectionate and loyal.  They want to be with you all the time and this can be both a good and bad thing.

           Many Poms suffer from Separation Anxiety if they do not understand their role in the family. The best way to avoid anxiety related behavior problems is by providing lots of physical exercise and by setting yourself up as the clear pack leader.

2. Pomeranians get along with just about everyone.

           One of the nice things about these little dogs is that they get along so well with each other as well as other animals. They tend to be very active, happy little dogs that enjoy playing and cuddling. The one exception to this is young children.

3. Poms are confidant, brave little dogs.

            Despite being only 7-12 inches tall, the Pomeranian is a very bold and brave little dog. This makes them a lot of fun to interact with but can also lead to “Small Dog Syndrome.”

With small dogs, we tend to allow a lot of ill-mannered behavior that we would never allow in a larger dog. This leads little dogs like Pomeranians to believe that they rule the roost and can get away with anything they want.

             As a responsible Pom owner, you will want to establish rules and boundaries that will help avoid Small Dog Syndrome.

4. They make great pint-sized watchdogs!

             It may seem crazy to think about a 3-7 pound bundle of fluff as a watch dog, but it’s true. The confidant Pomeranian temperament and their tendency toward territoriality means that they will always let you know when a stranger is up to no good.

             It is important that these little tough guys be socialized at a young age. Pomeranians need to be exposed to lots of people as well as unusual sights and loud sounds so that their naturally cautious nature does not turn into suspiciousness. A suspicious dog can lead to a defensive dog if not properly socialized.

5. Pomeranians are smart and love to learn.

             Because of their agility and eagerness to learn, Poms have been used as circus dogs as well as in Hollywood.  It does, however, take a consistent and patient person to bring out their best.

             Their intelligence has made them one of the few toy breeds that compete and excel in agility competition. As with all smart dogs, you have to make sure that your cute little fluff-ball doesn’t outsmart you!

6. They crave attention.

              While Pomeranians don’t require a lot from their owners in terms of food and exercise, they do prefer to be the center of your world.

The Pomeranian temperament is a mix between independent and loyal but they love nothing more than to sit on your lap and be showered with love and affection.

              The good news is that they will give it right back and nothing can brighten your day more than having those adorable eyes turned on you with adoration.

7. Poms are active and alert.

              It isn’t uncommon to see a Pomeranian trotting around the house, exploring everything with his sharp little nose. Because of the bold Pomeranian temperament, they are often brave enough to be inquisitive about new places and people.

Health Concerns

              Pomeranians are predisposed to many of the same health concerns as you would find in other small breeds.

   *  Luxating Patellas  – This is a condition which causes the knee-cap to slip out of place and is the most common health concern with Pomeranians.

   *  Collapsing Tracheas – Because of their fragility, it is important that a harness as opposed to a collar be used when leading a small dog like a Pom. Even a gentle tug on a leash attached to the collar of such a small animal can cause damage to their trachea.

   *  Bad Teeth – With a good diet which includes crunchy kibble, you can deter many of the dental issues of which Pomeranians are prone. Also, you will want to have your little one’s teeth cleaned on a regular basis by your vet.  Also, you will want to have your little one’s teeth cleaned on a regular basis by your vet

Is the Pomeranian the right dog for you?

       If you are looking for a small dog with a big attitude and will enjoy the Pomeranian’s temperament which is both independent but loyal and loving, than this might be just the right little dog to bring into your family. 

Pomeranian dog

Pomeranian

Size

      Pomeranians are 7 to 12 inches tall and weigh 3 to 7 pounds. Some litters have puppies that are throwbacks to the days when they were larger and grow to be 12 to 14 pounds or more. These puppies can be an excellent choice for families with children.

History

         The Pomeranian descended from the Spitz family of dogs, the sled dogs of Iceland and Lapland. The breed takes its name from the historical region of Pomerania that makes up the southern coast of the Baltic sea (now present day Germany and Poland), not because it originated there, but because this was most likely where it was bred down to size. In its larger form, the dog served as an able herder of sheep.

Spitz

Pomeranian

 

VS

          When it first came to notice in Britain in the middle of the 19th century, some specimens were said to weigh as much as thirty pounds and to resemble the German wolf spitz in size, coat and color.

            In 1870 the Kennel Club (England) recognized the so-called spitz dog. In 1888 a Pomeranian named "Marco" was sent from Florence, Italy to become the beloved companion of Queen Victoria of England. Because the Queen was a popular monarch, the breed's popularity grew as well. In fact, the Queen is credited for advocating the trend toward the smaller Poms.

         Pomeranians were shown in the United States in the Miscellaneous Class as far back as 1892, but regular classification was not provided until 1900 at New York. In 1911 the American Pomeranian Club held its first specialty show. Early American winners were heavier in bone, larger in ear and usually weighed under six pounds. They had type and good coat texture, although they lacked the profuseness of coat in evidence today.

         Diminutive size, docile temper and a vivacious spirit plus sturdiness have made Pomeranians great pets and companions.



Hilights

* Pomeranians often are suspicious of strangers and can barl a lot.

* Pomeranians can be difficult to housetrain. Crate training is recommended.

* High heat and humidity can cause your Pom to become overheated and possibly have heat stroke. When your Pom is outdoors, watch him carefully for signs of overheating and take him inside immediately. They definitely are housedogs and should not be kept outdoors.

* While Poms are good with children, they are not a good choice for very young or highly active children because of their small size. Never let your small children and your Pom play without supervision.

* Because they are so small, Poms can be perceived as prey by owls, eagles, hawks, coyotes, and other wild animals. Never leave them outside unattended, and be watchful if there are predatory birds in your location. If this is the case, stay close to your Pom to discourage birds from trying to carry them off!

* Because they are small and attractive, Poms are targets for dognappers, another reason why you shouldn't leave them outside unattended, even in a fenced yard.

* Although they are small, Poms don't seem to realize it and can have a "big dog" attitude. This can spell disaster if they decide to chase a bigger dog that they think is encroaching upon their territory, or if they jump from a high place. It's up to you to make sure that your little one doesn't harm himself due to not realizing his limitations.

* When your Pom gets old, he may develop bald spots in his beautiful coat.

* To get a healthy dog, never buy a puppy from an irresponsible breeder, puppy mill, or pet store. Look for a reputable breeder who tests her breeding dogs to make sure they're free of genetic diseases that they might pass onto the puppies, and that they have sound temperaments.

Boo The World's Cutest Dog

   Boo the dog has been taking the internet by storm recently with his miniature bear look and huge wardrobe.

      He started off as a shaggy, energetic and lovable Pomeranian puppy when he was born on March 16th, 2006.

Thankfully his owner the “human” was ready with her camera to capture all of it.

Boo the Dog’s Journey to the Cutest Dog in the World

        His human put boo on Facebook on May 11th, 2009, knowing he would definitely get a few fans. How could he not with all the outfits he wears and having the cutest haircut ever seen on a dog.

       Boo the dog quickly overtook many of the others as being the most popular dog on Facebook.  But who knew his adorableness would get him to over 5 million fans and counting; easily adding over a few thousand new ones every day.

       We still have yet to find out who the lucky owner of boo the dog is.  So far all we know is what her legs look like from one of the photos with Boo. Thanks to her always having her camera nearby we will never run short of adorable pictures of Boo the dog.

What’s next for Boo the Dog?

        Being the cutest dog in the world is getting Boo the dog a lot of attention in the past few months.

        He has been offered many jobs as a doggy model, posing for the online boutique Tobi and posing for pictures to raise money for the charity Operation Smile.

        

        There has even been a possible sighting of Boo in a commercial for Google’s new Picturevine service.

        The jury is still out on whether or not that’s his real owner in the commercial with him or a just a lucky actress that got to hang out with Boo all day.  Do you think it is really Boo and the owner? Take a look at the photos above and judge for yourself.  I personally hope it is really him because an imposter Boo, while still cute, just isn’t the same.

        If you wish you could have a Boo of your own wherever you go then you should take a look at his most recent endeavor as an author.  He did an amazing job as always posing for pictures for his new must read book Boo: The Life of the World’s Cutest Dog.